Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an important method in exploratory and confirmatory data analysis when explanatory variables are discrete and response variables are continues and independent from each other. The simplest type of ANOVA is one-way analysis of variance for comparison among means of several populations. In this paper, we extend one-way analysis of variance to a case where observed data are non-symmetric triangular or normal fuzzy observations rather than real numbers. Meanwhile, a case study on the car battery length-life is provided on the basis on the proposed method.

It is an important issue that what is the most effective service or efficient designing part as a distinctive factor between a tourism app and its competitors in the highly competitive environment in this field? In this survey, as the first step, the Tourism Mobile Apps (TMAs) functional criteria (success factors) are extracted by an appropriate literature review and the opinion of experts who have competitive intelligence knowledge. Then a case study is done on five famous tourism apps in the accommodation sector using the Fuzzy ANOVA. According to the achieved results, users believe that there isn’, t any difference between considered applications in criteria such as “, Reliability of Mtechnology”, , “, Perceived ease of use”, , “, Perceived Trust”, , “, Perceived Cost Transparency”,and “, security issues”, . Consequently, the first group is identified as critical success criteria and has more influence on user satisfaction and, subsequently, the success of TMA. Introduction The tourism industry is the most profitable part of the economy in advanced countries and has undeniable effects on economic, social, cultural, and ecological areas (Sadeghi et al., 2019). Today, information technology and using different mobile applications attract many tourists to this market. Numerous competitors, further making the choosing process for users difficult, create a set of qualified services for consumers. This research is a case study on top five accommodation (as one of the most important sections of the tourism industry) applications. Therefore, it extracted the performance criteria initially and then investigated the similarity rate in fulfilment levels of those mobile apps. In other words, the final purpose of the current study is to identify the critical success factors through performance adaptation of success TMAs to each other between success criteria. In this regard, the previous research related to TMA is investigated to achieve an initial success framework. Materials and Methods The best method for investigating differences between several groups of data is ANOVA. Likewise, Fuzzy ANOVA is a powerful and efficient variance analysis method for fuzzy data. This study evaluates the fulfilment levels of 10 performance criteria in top 5 TMA in Iran. Initially, 20 performance criteria were extracted, then mitigated to 10 factors, using the Friedman test. A Likert scale questionnaire in five linguistic variables was provided and distributed between experts for this aim. The total average of criteria is achieved at 2. 82, and it means all the criteria by an average less than 2. 82 will be omitted from the initial list. Five TMAs by the most active installation are identified at the next step. Respectively, these mobile apps are Alibaba, Snaptrip, AP, Booking. com, and Trip Advisor. Before considering the analysis of achieved data from experts, it’, s needed to calculate the reliability and validity of questionnaires. For this purpose, a Likert scale questionnaire is designed in the present study, and the validity and reliability of criteria are calculated using discriminant/convergent validity and Cronbach alpha. Furthermore, a secondary approach (composite reliability) is also used to evaluate the reliability. This process is implemented using SmartPLS software. Finally, the comparison between TMAs is made by using the fuzzy ANOVA approach. Discussion and Result The distributed questionnaire was answered by 10 experts who were selected by using the purposive sampling method. All the respondents at least have one year experience of working with a TMA. The collected data by respondents requires validity and reliability evaluation. The achieved results prove the questionnaire reliability and validity of the criteria. The result is demonstrated in table 1. At the next step, the fuzzy ANOVA approach proves that in five criteria, the relationship p of SSTR ,ρ,SSEis true and verifies the zero hypnosis, and for the others, the correct equation is 𝑆, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑅,> ρ,SSE that proves the null one. Conclusion The final output of this study demonstrates that a TMA for success achievement must focus on “, Perceived value of M-technology”, , ”,Perceived ease of use”, , ”,Perceived Trust”, , ”,Perceived Cost Transparency”,and “, Security issues”,because all these criteria were implemented equally in all of five TMA.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

Artifacts are ubiquitous and influential in our world, but their nature and existence are controversial. Several theories have been proposed to explain the ontology of artifacts. Drawing on Popper's theory of three worlds, this paper suggests a metaphysics for artifacts along the line of a critical rationalist (CR) approach. This theory distinguishes between three realms of reality: the physical world (World 1), the mental world (World 2), and the world of objective knowledge (World 3). The paper argues that artifacts have different ontological components that correspond to these three realms, and that each component is real and causal. The paper shows how this perspective can account for the intentional and functional aspects of artifacts, as well as their dependence on plans that influence different realms of reality. The paper explains how this pluralistic ontology, compared to the rival theories, enables one to explain the relevant ontological problems of artifacts. The paper also explores how this proposal can lead to a research program encompassing a broader range of technologies, such as social artifacts. In sum, the paper suggests that Popper's three worlds theory provides a rich and comprehensive framework for understanding the metaphysics of artifacts.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are among the primary concerns in internet security today. Machine learning can be exploited to detect such attacks. In this paper, a multi-layer perceptron model is proposed and implemented using deep machine learning to distinguish between malicious and normal traffic based on their behavioral patterns. The proposed model is trained and tested using the CICDDoS2019 dataset. To remove irrelevant and redundant data from the dataset and increase learning accuracy, feature selection is used to select and extract the most effective features that allow us to detect these attacks. Moreover, we use the grid search algorithm to acquire optimum values of the model’s hyperparameters among the parameters’ space. In addition, the sensitivity of accuracy of the model to variations of an input parameter is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented model is validated in comparison with some state-of-the-art works.

The problem of personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal identity.

Determining the personality dimensions of the individuals is very important in the psychological research works. The most well-known example of personality dimensions is the five-factor model (FFM). There are two approaches, manual and automatic, for determining the personality dimensions. In a manual approach, the Psychologists discover these dimensions through the personality questionnaires. As an automatic way, varied personal input types (textual/image/video) of people are gathered and analyzed for this purpose. In this work, we propose a method called DENOVA (DEep learning based on the aNOVA), which predicts FFM using deep learning based on an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of words. For this purpose, DENOVA first applies ANOVA in order to select the most informative terms. Then DENOVA employs Word2Vec in order to extract document embeddings. Finally, DENOVA uses support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, XGBoost, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), as classifiers in order to predict FFM. The experimental results obtained show that DENOVA outperforms on average, 6. 91%, the state-of-the-art methods in predicting FFM with respect to accuracy.

This article introduces, analyzes, and criticizes the work of Lawrence M. Hinman, Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Hinman is a Philosopher of Ethics in the multimedia learning. He believes that multiculturalism is important factor of nowadays so the most important responsibility of philosophers of Ethics is prevention of moral conflict. The global communication and information in 21st century needs global tolerance and respect of various nations, cultures, and moralities together because different people and societies have a common human nature and common natural rights that obligate to justice and moral relationship between different people and various societies’ beliefs throughout the world. Moral communication in multiculturalism approach is against racial, gender, national, and ethnic prejudice. Hinman believes in moral dialogue and global learning across different cultures. The book of Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory has a proper category of new ethical problems, and the candid standpoint of author is considerable. He has a logical method, and in the end of every part of book there are some questions for evaluation of students learning. So this book is proper for the philosophy of ethics in universities.